掌握代码即图表：面向现代开发团队的完整 VPasCode 教程

graph TD
    A[用户输入凭据] --> B{格式有效？}
    B -->|否| C[显示验证错误]
    B -->|是| D[发送至认证服务]
    C --> A
    D --> E{凭据匹配？}
    E -->|否| F[返回 401 未授权]
    E -->|是| G[生成 JWT 令牌]
    G --> H[将令牌存储在 HttpOnly Cookie 中]
    H --> I[重定向至仪表板]
    F --> A
    
    style A fill:#e1f5ff,stroke:#0066cc
    style I fill:#d4edda,stroke:#28a745
    style F fill:#f8d7da,stroke:#dc3545

graph LR
    subgraph Client["客户端层"]
        Web[Web 应用<br/>React]
        Mobile[移动应用<br/>Flutter]
    end
    
    subgraph API["API 网关"]
        Gateway[Kong 网关]
        Auth[认证服务]
        Rate[限流器]
    end
    
    subgraph Services["业务服务"]
        User[用户服务]
        Order[订单服务]
        Product[产品服务]
        Payment[支付服务]
    end
    
    subgraph Data["数据层"]
        UserDB[(用户数据库<br/>PostgreSQL)]
        OrderDB[(订单数据库<br/>MongoDB)]
        ProductDB[(产品数据库<br/>PostgreSQL)]
        Cache[(Redis 缓存)]
    end
    
    Web --> Gateway
    Mobile --> Gateway
    Gateway --> Auth
    Gateway --> Rate
    Rate --> User
    Rate --> Order
    Rate --> Product
    User --> UserDB
    User --> Cache
    Order --> OrderDB
    Order --> Payment
    Product --> ProductDB
    Payment --> OrderDB
    
    style Gateway fill:#ff6b6b,stroke:#c92a2a,color:white
    style UserDB fill:#4ecdc4,stroke:#087f5b
    style OrderDB fill:#4ecdc4,stroke:#087f5b
    style ProductDB fill:#4ecdc4,stroke:#087f5b
    style Cache fill:#ffe66d,stroke:#f08c00

sequenceDiagram
    autonumber
    participant C as 客户
    participant W as Web 应用
    participant O as 订单服务
    participant P as 支付服务
    participant I as 库存服务
    participant N as 通知服务
    
    C->>W: 添加商品到购物车
    C->>W: 点击“结账”
    W->>O: POST /orders {items, shipping}
    O->>I: 预留库存
    I-->>O: 预留确认
    O->>P: 处理支付
    P-->>O: 支付成功
    O->>O: 创建订单记录
    O->>N: 发送订单确认
    N-->>C: 邮件确认
    O-->>W: 201 Created {orderId}
    W-->>C: 显示成功页面
    
    Note over O,P: 关键部分<br/>必须是事务性的
    rect rgba(200, 200, 0, 0.2)
        O->>P: 扣款
        P-->>O: 交易 ID
    end

gantt
    title Sprint 24 - 认证模块
    dateFormat  YYYY-MM-DD
    axisFormat  %m/%d
    
    section 后端
    设计 API 契约       :done,    des1, 2024-06-01, 2d
    实现 JWT 服务      :active,  des2, 2024-06-03, 3d
    数据库迁移         :         des3, after des2, 2d
    单元测试              :         des4, after des3, 2d
    
    section 前端
    登录组件           :         front1, 2024-06-03, 3d
    令牌管理          :         front2, after front1, 2d
    受保护的路由          :         front3, after front2, 2d
    
    section 集成
    API 集成           :         int1, after des4, 2d
    端到端测试              :         int2, after int1, 3d
    安全审计           :         int3, after int2, 2d

@startuml
!theme plain
skinparam backgroundColor #FFFFFF
skinparam componentStyle uml2

title "电子商务平台 - 组件架构"

package "表示层" {
    [Web 前端] as Web
    [移动应用] as Mobile
    [管理仪表板] as Admin
}

package "API 层" {
    [API 网关] as Gateway
    [认证] as Auth
    [限流器] as RateLimit
}

package "业务服务" {
    [目录服务] as Catalog
    [订单服务] as Order
    [支付服务] as Payment
    [物流服务] as Shipping
    [通知服务] as Notify
}

package "数据层" {
    database "产品数据库" as ProdDB
    database "订单数据库" as OrderDB
    database "用户数据库" as UserDB
    queue "消息队列" as MQ
}

Web --> Gateway
Mobile --> Gateway
Admin --> Gateway

Gateway --> Auth
Gateway --> RateLimit
Gateway --> Catalog
Gateway --> Order

Order --> Payment
Order --> Shipping
Order --> Notify

Catalog --> ProdDB
Order --> OrderDB
Auth --> UserDB

Payment ..> MQ : 发布事件
Shipping ..> MQ : 订阅事件
Notify ..> MQ : 订阅事件

@enduml

@startuml
|客户|
开始
:浏览商品;
:添加到购物车;
:前往结账;

|系统|
:验证购物车商品;
:计算总额;
if (商品有货？) then (是)
  :预留库存;
else (否)
  :显示缺货;
  结束
endif

|客户|
:输入收货地址;
:选择支付方式;

|系统|
:处理支付;
if (支付成功？) then (是)
  :创建订单;
  :发送确认邮件;
  :更新库存;
else (否)
  :显示支付错误;
  分离
endif

:发货;
:更新订单状态;
结束

partition "后台任务" {
  :生成发票;
  :通知仓库;
}

@enduml

digraph MicroservicesDependencies {
    rankdir=TB;
    node [shape=box, style="rounded,filled", fontname="Arial"];
    edge [fontname="Arial", fontsize=10];
    
    // 节点定义及颜色
    node [fillcolor="#e3f2fd"];
    "API Gateway" [fillcolor="#ffcdd2"];
    "Service Mesh" [fillcolor="#fff9c4"];
    
    // 核心服务
    "User Service";
    "Auth Service";
    "Order Service";
    "Payment Service";
    "Inventory Service";
    "Notification Service";
    "Analytics Service";
    
    // 数据库
    node [shape=cylinder, fillcolor="#c8e6c9"];
    "User DB";
    "Order DB";
    "Product DB";
    "Analytics DB";
    
    // 外部服务
    node [shape=box, fillcolor="#f3e5f5", style="dashed,filled"];
    "Payment Gateway";
    "Email Service";
    "SMS Service";
    
    // 关系
    "API Gateway" -> "Service Mesh";
    "Service Mesh" -> "User Service";
    "Service Mesh" -> "Auth Service";
    "Service Mesh" -> "Order Service";
    "Service Mesh" -> "Payment Service";
    "Service Mesh" -> "Inventory Service";
    
    "User Service" -> "User DB";
    "Auth Service" -> "User DB";
    "Order Service" -> "Order DB";
    "Order Service" -> "Inventory Service";
    "Order Service" -> "Payment Service";
    "Inventory Service" -> "Product DB";
    "Payment Service" -> "Payment Gateway";
    "Notification Service" -> "Email Service";
    "Notification Service" -> "SMS Service";
    "Analytics Service" -> "Analytics DB";
    
    "Order Service" -> "Notification Service" [style=dashed];
    "Payment Service" -> "Notification Service" [style=dashed];
    
    // 用于分组的子图
    {
        rank=same;
        "User Service";
        "Auth Service";
    }
    
    {
        rank=same;
        "Order Service";
        "Payment Service";
        "Inventory Service";
    }
}

digraph OrgChart {
    rankdir=TB;
    node [shape=box, style="rounded,filled", fontname="Helvetica"];
    edge [fontname="Helvetica", arrowsize=0.7];
    
    // 高管层级
    CEO [label="CEOnJohn Smith", fillcolor="#1976d2", fontcolor="white"];
    
    // C 级高管
    subgraph cluster_exec {
        label="高管团队";
        style=dashed;
        color="#90caf9";
        
        CTO [label="CTOnSarah Johnson", fillcolor="#42a5f5"];
        CFO [label="CFOnMichael Brown", fillcolor="#42a5f5"];
        COO [label="COOnEmily Davis", fillcolor="#42a5f5"];
        CPO [label="CPOnDavid Wilson", fillcolor="#42a5f5"];
    }
    
    // 工程部门
    subgraph cluster_eng {
        label="工程";
        style=filled;
        color="#e3f2fd";
        
        VP_Eng [label="工程副总裁", fillcolor="#64b5f6"];
        
        subgraph cluster_eng_teams {
            label="团队";
            style=dotted;
            
            Backend [label="后端团队n(12 名工程师)", fillcolor="#bbdefb"];
            Frontend [label="前端团队n(8 名工程师)", fillcolor="#bbdefb"];
            DevOps [label="DevOps 团队n(5 名工程师)", fillcolor="#bbdefb"];
            QA [label="QA 团队n(6 名工程师)", fillcolor="#bbdefb"];
        }
    }
    
    // 产品部门
    subgraph cluster_product {
        label="产品";
        style=filled;
        color="#fff3e0";
        
        VP_Product [label="产品副总裁", fillcolor="#ffb74d"];
        PM1 [label="产品经理n平台", fillcolor="#ffcc80"];
        PM2 [label="产品经理n移动端", fillcolor="#ffcc80"];
        PM3 [label="产品经理n数据分析", fillcolor="#ffcc80"];
    }
    
    // 关系
    CEO -> CTO;
    CEO -> CFO;
    CEO -> COO;
    CEO -> CPO;
    
    CTO -> VP_Eng;
    VP_Eng -> Backend;
    VP_Eng -> Frontend;
    VP_Eng -> DevOps;
    VP_Eng -> QA;
    
    CPO -> VP_Product;
    VP_Product -> PM1;
    VP_Product -> PM2;
    VP_Product -> PM3;
    
    // 虚线表示协作关系
    PM1 -> Backend [style=dotted, color="#757575"];
    PM2 -> Frontend [style=dotted, color="#757575"];
    PM3 -> Backend [style=dotted, color="#757575"];
}

digraph DataFlow {
    rankdir=LR;
    nodesep=1.0;
    node [shape=ellipse, style="filled", fontname="Arial"];
    edge [fontname="Arial", fontsize=9];
    
    // 外部实体
    node [fillcolor="#ffccbc", shape=box];
    Customer [label="客户"];
    Vendor [label="供应商"];
    Bank [label="银行系统"];
    
    // 处理过程
    node [fillcolor="#c5cae9", shape=circle];
    P1 [label="下订单"];
    P2 [label="处理支付"];
    P3 [label="更新库存"];
    P4 [label="生成发票"];
    P5 [label="发货"];
    P6 [label="发送通知"];
    
    // 数据存储
    node [fillcolor="#c8e6c9", shape=box3d];
    D1 [label="订单数据库"];
    D2 [label="库存数据库"];
    D3 [label="客户数据库"];
    D4 [label="发票记录"];
    
    // 数据流
    Customer -> P1 [label="订单请求"];
    P1 -> D1 [label="存储订单"];
    P1 -> D3 [label="更新客户信息"];
    P1 -> P2 [label="支付详情"];
    
    P2 -> Bank [label="支付请求"];
    Bank -> P2 [label="支付确认"];
    P2 -> P3 [label="支付成功"];
    
    P3 -> D2 [label="减少库存"];
    P3 -> P4 [label="订单已确认"];
    
    P4 -> D4 [label="保存发票"];
    P4 -> P6 [label="发票数据"];
    
    P3 -> P5 [label="发货请求"];
    P5 -> Vendor [label="发货标签"];
    P5 -> P6 [label="追踪信息"];
    
    P6 -> Customer [label="订单确认n+ 追踪信息"];
    
    // 虚线表示查询
    D1 -> P5 [label="获取订单详情", style=dashed];
    D2 -> P1 [label="检查可用性", style=dashed];
    D3 -> P1 [label="获取客户信息", style=dashed];
}

graph LR
    subgraph Source["源代码控制"]
        Git[GitHub 仓库]
        PR[拉取请求]
    end
    
    subgraph CI["持续集成"]
        Lint[代码检查]
        Test[单元测试]
        Build[构建产物]
        Scan[安全扫描]
    end
    
    subgraph CD["持续部署"]
        Dev[部署到开发环境]
        Stage[部署到预发布环境]
        E2E[端到端测试]
        Prod[部署到生产环境]
    end
    
    subgraph Monitor["监控"]
        Logs[日志聚合]
        Metrics[指标仪表板]
        Alerts[告警系统]
    end
    
    Git --> PR
    PR --> Lint
    Lint --> Test
    Test --> Build
    Build --> Scan
    Scan --> Dev
    Dev --> Stage
    Stage --> E2E
    E2E --> Prod
    Prod --> Logs
    Prod --> Metrics
    Metrics --> Alerts
    
    style Git fill:#f0f0f0,stroke:#333
    style Prod fill:#d4edda,stroke:#28a745,color:black
    style Alerts fill:#f8d7da,stroke:#dc3545,color:black

@startuml
!define TABLE(name) entity name << (T,#FFAAAA) >>
!define PK(x) x <<PK>>
!define FK(x) x <<FK>>

TABLE(Users) {
    PK(user_id) : INT
    --
    email : VARCHAR(255)
    password_hash : VARCHAR(255)
    created_at : TIMESTAMP
    last_login : TIMESTAMP
    status : ENUM
}

TABLE(Products) {
    PK(product_id) : INT
    --
    sku : VARCHAR(50)
    name : VARCHAR(255)
    description : TEXT
    price : DECIMAL(10,2)
    stock_quantity : INT
    category_id : INT
}

TABLE(Categories) {
    PK(category_id) : INT
    --
    name : VARCHAR(100)
    parent_id : INT
}

TABLE(Orders) {
    PK(order_id) : INT
    --
    FK(user_id) : INT
    order_date : TIMESTAMP
    total_amount : DECIMAL(10,2)
    status : ENUM
    shipping_address : TEXT
}

TABLE(OrderItems) {
    PK(item_id) : INT
    --
    FK(order_id) : INT
    FK(product_id) : INT
    quantity : INT
    unit_price : DECIMAL(10,2)
}

TABLE(Payments) {
    PK(payment_id) : INT
    --
    FK(order_id) : INT
    payment_method : ENUM
    transaction_id : VARCHAR(255)
    amount : DECIMAL(10,2)
    status : ENUM
    processed_at : TIMESTAMP
}

Users ||--o{ Orders : places
Orders }o--|{ Users : belongs_to
Orders ||--|{ OrderItems : contains
OrderItems }o--|| Products : references
Products }o--|| Categories : categorized_in
Orders ||--o{ Payments : paid_by

note right of Users
  存储客户账户
  和认证数据
end note

note left of Orders
  主要交易记录
  包含配送详情
end note

@enduml

graph TB
    subgraph AWS["AWS 云基础设施"]
        direction TB
        
        subgraph Networking["网络"]
            VPC[VPC 10.0.0.0/16]
            IGW[互联网网关]
            NAT[NAT 网关]
            
            subgraph Public["公共子网"]
                ALB[应用负载均衡器]
                Bastion[堡垒主机]
            end
            
            subgraph Private["私有子网"]
                subgraph AppTier["应用层"]
                    ECS1[ECS 任务 1]
                    ECS2[ECS 任务 2]
                    ECS3[ECS 任务 3]
                end
                
                subgraph DataTier["数据层"]
                    RDS[RDS PostgreSQL<br/>多可用区]
                    Redis[ElastiCache Redis]
                end
            end
        end
        
        subgraph Storage["存储"]
            S3[S3 存储桶<br/>资源与备份]
            EFS[EFS 共享存储]
        end
        
        subgraph Security["安全"]
            WAF[WAF 规则]
            SG[安全组]
            IAM[IAM 角色]
        end
        
        subgraph Monitoring["监控与日志"]
            CW[CloudWatch]
            XRay[AWS X-Ray]
            SNS[SNS 通知]
        end
    end
    
    User[最终用户] --> CloudFront[CloudFront CDN]
    CloudFront --> WAF
    WAF --> ALB
    ALB --> ECS1
    ALB --> ECS2
    ALB --> ECS3
    
    ECS1 --> RDS
    ECS2 --> RDS
    ECS3 --> RDS
    
    ECS1 --> Redis
    ECS2 --> Redis
    ECS3 --> Redis
    
    ECS1 --> S3
    ECS2 --> S3
    ECS3 --> S3
    
    ECS1 --> EFS
    ECS2 --> EFS
    ECS3 --> EFS
    
    ECS1 --> CW
    ECS2 --> CW
    ECS3 --> CW
    
    RDS --> CW
    Redis --> CW
    
    CW --> SNS
    
    style VPC fill:#f9f9f9,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px
    style ALB fill:#ff9900,stroke:#cc7a00,color:white
    style RDS fill:#2e73b8,stroke:#1a4d80,color:white
    style User fill:#95a5a6,stroke:#7f8c8d

%%{init: {'theme':'base', 'themeVariables': {
    'primaryColor': '#4CAF50',
    'primaryTextColor': '#fff',
    'primaryBorderColor': '#388E3C',
    'lineColor': '#757575',
    'secondaryColor': '#FFC107',
    'tertiaryColor': '#fff'
}}}%%

graph TD
    A[开始] --> B{决策}
    B -->|是| C[处理 A]
    B -->|否| D[处理 B]
    C --> E[结束]
    D --> E
    
    style A fill:#2196F3,stroke:#1976D2,color:white
    style E fill:#F44336,stroke:#D32F2F,color:white

@startuml
' 全局样式
skinparam backgroundColor #FFFFFF
skinparam shadowing false
skinparam roundcorner 10
skinparam linetype ortho

' 组件样式
skinparam component {
    BackgroundColor #E3F2FD
    BorderColor #1976D2
    ArrowColor #1976D2
}

' 包样式
skinparam package {
    BackgroundColor #FFF3E0
    BorderColor #F57C00
    FontSize 14
}

' 注释样式
skinparam note {
    BackgroundColor #F1F8E9
    BorderColor #689F38
    FontColor #33691E
}

package "前端" {
    component [React 应用]
    component [Redux 存储]
}

package "后端" {
    component [Node.js API]
    component [Express 服务器]
    database [MongoDB]
}

[React 应用] --> [Redux 存储]
[Redux 存储] --> [Node.js API]
[Node.js API] --> [Express 服务器]
[Express 服务器] --> [MongoDB]

note right of [Redux 存储]
  整个应用的集中式状态管理
end note

@enduml

digraph AdvancedStyling {
    // 全局图属性
    graph [
        bgcolor="#f8f9fa"
        fontname="Helvetica"
        fontsize=16
        label="企业系统架构n生产环境"
        labelloc="t"
        pad=0.5
        ranksep=1.5
        nodesep=1.0
    ];
    
    // 默认节点属性
    node [
        fontname="Helvetica"
        fontsize=11
        style="filled,rounded"
        penwidth=2
    ];
    
    // 默认边属性
    edge [
        fontname="Helvetica"
        fontsize=9
        penwidth=1.5
        arrowsize=0.8
    ];
    
    // 自定义样式的节点集群
    subgraph cluster_presentation {
        label="表示层";
        style=filled;
        color="#e3f2fd";
        fontcolor="#1565c0";
        
        Web [label="Web 应用<br/>React 18", fillcolor="#64b5f6", fontcolor="white"];
        Mobile [label="移动应用<br/>Flutter", fillcolor="#64b5f6", fontcolor="white"];
    }
    
    subgraph cluster_business {
        label="业务逻辑层";
        style=filled;
        color="#fff3e0";
        fontcolor="#e65100";
        
        API [label="REST API<br/>Node.js", fillcolor="#ffb74d", fontcolor="black"];
        GraphQL [label="GraphQL 网关", fillcolor="#ffb74d", fontcolor="black"];
    }
    
    subgraph cluster_data {
        label="数据层";
        style=filled;
        color="#e8f5e9";
        fontcolor="#2e7d32";
        
        Primary [label="主数据库<br/>PostgreSQL 14", shape=cylinder, fillcolor="#a5d6a7"];
        Replica [label="只读副本<br/>PostgreSQL 14", shape=cylinder, fillcolor="#c8e6c9"];
        Cache [label="Redis 缓存<br/>集群模式", shape=cylinder, fillcolor="#c8e6c9"];
    }
    
    // 自定义样式的边
    Web -> API [label="HTTPS/REST", color="#1976d2", fontcolor="#1976d2"];
    Mobile -> API [label="HTTPS/REST", color="#1976d2", fontcolor="#1976d2"];
    Web -> GraphQL [label="WebSocket", color="#1976d2", fontcolor="#1976d2", style=dashed];
    
    API -> Primary [label="读/写", color="#388e3c", fontcolor="#388e3c"];
    API -> Cache [label="缓存", color="#f57c00", fontcolor="#f57c00", style=dashed];
    GraphQL -> Replica [label="只读", color="#388e3c", fontcolor="#388e3c"];
    
    Primary -> Replica [label="流式复制", color="#757575", style=dotted];
}