![\"Line](\"https:\/\/www.go2posts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/package-diagram-core-components-infographic-line-art.jpg\"\/)
<\/figure>\n<\/div>\nHi\u1ec3u kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i \ud83e\udde9<\/h2>\n
S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 trong Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a Th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t (UML). N\u00f3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thay v\u00ec h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang l\u1ebb. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian t\u00ean ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed li\u00ean quan. C\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp, c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n, ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 c\u00e1c g\u00f3i kh\u00e1c. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n
H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng l\u1edbn. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c m\u00f4-\u0111un cho x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c, truy c\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 logic nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i, c\u00e1c m\u00f4-\u0111un n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c r\u1ed1i r\u1eafm. V\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i, s\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb n\u00e0y l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng. Khi m\u1ed9t thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t \u1edf m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ebd cho th\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng lan truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n
T\u1ea1i sao s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i? \ud83d\udcca<\/h3>\n\n- L\u00e0m r\u00f5 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac:<\/strong>Ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i cho b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
- Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c:<\/strong>Ch\u00fang l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau.<\/li>\n
- H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c nh\u00f3m:<\/strong>Ch\u00fang cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1c nhau l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean c\u00e1c g\u00f3i kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n
- T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>Ch\u00fang \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng cho ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
- L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng:<\/strong>Ch\u00fang gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u01a1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i: Ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed g\u00f3i \ud83d\udce6<\/h2>\n
Ch\u00ednh g\u00f3i l\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1ef1c quan, n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n. T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u tr\u1ef1c quan n\u00e0y ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9a. Tuy nhi\u00ean, bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 y\u1ebfu so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a logic.<\/p>\n
Quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean \ud83c\udff7\ufe0f<\/h3>\n
T\u00ean l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng. T\u00ean g\u00f3i n\u00ean mang t\u00ednh m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u01b0ng ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn. N\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9a b\u00ean trong. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean k\u00e9m d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i c\u00f3 t\u00eanUtils<\/code>qu\u00e1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ra lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec7n \u00edch n\u00e0o \u0111ang c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t. M\u1ed9t t\u00ean t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0DataValidation<\/code> ho\u1eb7cFileProcessing<\/code>.<\/p>\nH\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn sau \u0111\u00e2y cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean:<\/p>\n
\n- S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef kh\u00f4ng gian t\u00ean:<\/strong>Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy \u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng.<\/li>\n
- H\u00e3y nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng
CamelCase<\/code> cho m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng snake_case<\/code> cho g\u00f3i kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n- Tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ean kh\u00f4ng tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c.<\/li>\n
- Ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p:<\/strong> T\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00ean ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
C\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu v\u00e0 si\u00eau d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83d\udcdd<\/h3>\n
C\u00e1c g\u00f3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang th\u00f4ng tin b\u1ed5 sung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00fa th\u00edch cung c\u1ea5p ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a g\u00f3i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u l\u00e0 {interface}<\/code> ho\u1eb7c {implementation}<\/code>. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng. Si\u00eau d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ed1 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c th\u00f4ng tin t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tr\u00ean ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed g\u00f3i.<\/p>\nC\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c \ud83d\udd17<\/h2>\n
S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c h\u1ed9p. C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i ch\u00fang c\u0169ng quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. Ch\u00fang x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng tin l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m logic. Hi\u1ec3u sai c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, kh\u00f3 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n
M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c \ud83d\udd17<\/h3>\n
S\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng g\u00f3i kh\u00e1c. N\u1ebfu vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a g\u00f3i \u0111\u00edch thay \u0111\u1ed5i, g\u00f3i ngu\u1ed3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng. N\u00f3 ch\u1ea3y t\u1eeb g\u00f3i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ebfn g\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n
\n- C\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong> G\u00f3i A s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c l\u1edbp t\u1eeb G\u00f3i B.<\/li>\n
- \u0110\u1ed9 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb:<\/strong> Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9t n\u00e9t.<\/li>\n
- T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong> C\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong B \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn A.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p \ud83d\udd17<\/h3>\n
Trong khi s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c l\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n. M\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft ng\u1ee5 \u00fd r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i kh\u00e1c. T\u1eadp h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng g\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n
T\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p \ud83d\udd17<\/h3>\n
T\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p. N\u00f3 ng\u1ee5 \u00fd quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu. N\u1ebfu g\u00f3i cha b\u1ecb x\u00f3a, g\u00f3i con s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi. N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c g\u1eafn k\u1ebft.<\/p>\n
So s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7<\/h3>\n
\n\n\nLo\u1ea1i quan h\u1ec7<\/th>\n H\u01b0\u1edbng<\/th>\n C\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9<\/th>\n T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n \n\nS\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c<\/td>\n M\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9t \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/td>\n Y\u1ebfu<\/td>\n Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nLi\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/td>\n \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng li\u1ec1n<\/td>\n Trung b\u00ecnh<\/td>\n Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nT\u1eadp h\u1ee3p<\/td>\n H\u00ecnh thoi r\u1ed7ng<\/td>\n Trung b\u00ecnh<\/td>\n \u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nS\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/td>\n H\u00ecnh thoi \u0111\u1ea7y<\/td>\n M\u1ea1nh<\/td>\n Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\nKh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp \ud83d\udc41\ufe0f<\/h2>\n
Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed trong m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb ra b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m quan tr\u1ecdng trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i. N\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa API c\u00f4ng khai v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9. S\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd \u1ea9n th\u00f4ng tin.<\/p>\n
Ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed c\u00f4ng khai \ud83c\udf0d<\/h3>\n
C\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed c\u00f4ng khai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy c\u1eadp t\u1eeb b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 g\u00f3i n\u00e0o. Ch\u00fang t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh giao di\u1ec7n m\u00e0 qua \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c. Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng d\u1ea5u c\u1ed9ng (+). Vi\u1ec7c gi\u1eef di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u00f4ng khai nh\u1ecf gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sai m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch.<\/p>\n
Ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed ri\u00eang t\u01b0 \ud83d\udd12<\/h3>\n
C\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed ri\u00eang t\u01b0 b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong ch\u00ednh g\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01a1i b\u00e0y. Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng d\u1ea5u tr\u1eeb (-). S\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec3u ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o an to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m.<\/p>\n
Ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \ud83d\udee1\ufe0f<\/h3>\n
C\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy c\u1eadp b\u1edfi g\u00f3i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c g\u00f3i con c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y h\u1eefu \u00edch cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p th\u1eeba k\u1ebf n\u01a1i c\u00e1c l\u1edbp d\u1eabn xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf. N\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u01a1i b\u00e0y ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u00f3 cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n
Giao di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \ud83c\udfad<\/h2>\n
Giao di\u1ec7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng. Ch\u00fang quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. S\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c g\u00f3i kh\u00e1c nhau th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t giao di\u1ec7n theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau. N\u00f3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n
M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 Hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00f3a<\/h3>\n
Hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00f3a k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ed9t giao di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n n\u00f3. N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t \u0111\u1ee9t v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u0169i t\u00ean tam gi\u00e1c r\u1ed7ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda giao di\u1ec7n. M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u g\u00f3i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n
\n- Tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a:<\/strong>C\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a \u1edf m\u1ee9c cao.<\/li>\n
- T\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t:<\/strong>C\u00e1c c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/li>\n
- Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed:<\/strong>C\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3 l\u1eadp v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
S\u1ef1 l\u1ed3ng nhau v\u00e0 Ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p \ud83c\udf33<\/h2>\n
C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c s\u00e2u. S\u1ef1 l\u1ed3ng nhau cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c g\u00f3i kh\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00e2y. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1edbn b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chia nh\u1ecf ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, d\u1ec5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd.<\/p>\n
Nh\u00f3m theo logic<\/h3>\n
S\u1ef1 l\u1ed3ng nhau n\u00ean tu\u00e2n theo m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p logic. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t Thanh to\u00e1n<\/code> g\u00f3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a C\u1ed5ng thanh to\u00e1n<\/code> v\u00e0 B\u1ed9 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c thanh to\u00e1n<\/code> c\u00e1c g\u00f3i con. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh mi\u1ec1n. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1edf n\u00ean tr\u1ef1c quan \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\nPh\u00e2n c\u1ea5p ph\u1eb3ng so v\u1edbi ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p s\u00e2u<\/h3>\n
C\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p ph\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p s\u00e2u.<\/p>\n
\n- Ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p ph\u1eb3ng:<\/strong>D\u1ec5 t\u00ecm c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ean g\u00f3i l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n.<\/li>\n
- Ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p s\u00e2u:<\/strong>S\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
N\u00f3i chung, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 l\u1ed3ng nhau. Qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1edd m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c g\u00f3i. \u0110\u1ed9 s\u00e2u t\u1eeb ba \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed1n m\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 cho h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n
T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 Si\u00eau d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83d\udcc4<\/h2>\n
S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 tr\u1ef1c quan, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n. C\u00e1c ghi ch\u00fa v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t cung c\u1ea5p ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft m\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i. Ch\u00fang gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00fd do \u0111\u1eb1ng sau m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/p>\n
S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ghi ch\u00fa<\/h3>\n
Ghi ch\u00fa c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed n\u00e0o. Ch\u00fang h\u1eefu \u00edch cho vi\u1ec7c:<\/p>\n
\n- Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc kinh doanh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/li>\n
- Ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft.<\/li>\n
- Cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u quy chu\u1ea9n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/li>\n
- L\u00e0m r\u00f5 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb g\u1eafn th\u1ebb<\/h3>\n
Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb g\u1eafn th\u1ebb cho ph\u00e9p th\u00eam c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eafn th\u1ebb cho m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i v\u1edbi phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n, ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i xem x\u00e9t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u si\u00eau n\u00e0y bi\u1ebfn s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/p>\n
Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n
Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec7n; vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng. N\u00f3 g\u00e2y hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ed7i. Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ed9 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft cao<\/h3>\n
C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i n\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c l\u1edbp kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd vi ph\u1ea1m Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0110\u01a1n nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ed9 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft cao c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap g\u00f3i d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c th\u1ea5p<\/h3>\n
C\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c g\u00f3i n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u. \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c cao c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i s\u1ebd bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong nhi\u1ec1u g\u00f3i kh\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 mong manh. H\u00e3y h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ea3y theo m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n
Ph\u00e2n l\u1edbp<\/h3>\n
T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c g\u00f3i th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c l\u1edbp. M\u1ed9t m\u1eabu ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c l\u1edbp Giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, Logic nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 Truy c\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c g\u00f3i \u1edf l\u1edbp d\u01b0\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c g\u00f3i \u1edf l\u1edbp tr\u00ean. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00f2ng.<\/p>\n
Tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00f2ng<\/h3>\n
M\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00f2ng x\u1ea3y ra khi G\u00f3i A ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o G\u00f3i B, v\u00e0 G\u00f3i B l\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o G\u00f3i A. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t chu k\u1ef3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ed7i kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ed3 th\u1ecb c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng chu tr\u00ecnh (DAG).<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh \u26a0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n
Ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng m\u1eafc l\u1ed7i. Vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn ra c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n
\n- V\u1ebd qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3:<\/strong>Vi\u1ec7c bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ecdi l\u1edbp trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecdc. C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan \u1edf m\u1ee9c cao.<\/li>\n
- K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n:<\/strong>Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u m\u0169i t\u00ean kh\u00e1c nhau cho c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 s\u1ebd g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/li>\n
- B\u1ecf qua t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 ki\u1ebfn:<\/strong>Kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng khai v\u00e0 ri\u00eang t\u01b0 s\u1ebd che gi\u1ea5u b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t API th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1.<\/li>\n
- Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u0129nh:<\/strong>Xem s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n thay v\u00ec ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00f3 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/li>\n
- T\u00ean chung chung:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u00ean nh\u01b0 “
Module1\"<\/code> ho\u1eb7c “Component\"<\/code> kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0o.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nT\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi C\u01a1 s\u1edf M\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n \ud83d\udcbb<\/h2>\n
M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a gi\u1eefa m\u00e3 v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 thi, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n
T\u1ea1o sinh so v\u1edbi Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf<\/h3>\n
\u0110\u00f4i khi, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o sinh t\u1eeb m\u00e3 (k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c). \u0110\u00f4i khi, m\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o sinh t\u1eeb s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 (k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt thu\u1eadn). C\u1ea3 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang.<\/p>\n
\n- K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c:<\/strong>T\u1ed1t cho vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u0169.<\/li>\n
- K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt thu\u1eadn:<\/strong>T\u1ed1t cho vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u vi\u1ebft m\u00e3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 G\u00f3i trong Agile \ud83d\ude80<\/h2>\n
Trong c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Agile, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb nghi ng\u1edd. Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1eefu \u00edch m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ra g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf chi ti\u1ebft.<\/p>\n
Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0110\u00fang th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/h3>\n
T\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 khi m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh li\u00ean quan. \u0110\u1eebng d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong sprint ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n
S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Nh\u00f3m<\/h3>\n
S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 trong c\u00e1c phi\u00ean l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap nh\u00f3m th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi vi\u1ebft m\u00e3. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn n\u00e0y l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m nhu c\u1ea7u t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac sau n\u00e0y. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n
K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 S\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \ud83e\udded<\/h2>\n
S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Ch\u00fang bi\u1ebfn m\u00e3 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i\u2014g\u00f3i, ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c, ph\u1ea1m vi hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb v\u00e0 giao di\u1ec7n\u2014c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n. Ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a n\u1eb1m \u1edf s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt. H\u00e3y th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u00e3. Tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 l\u00e0m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u00f3a bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan. H\u00e3y gi\u1eef cho n\u00f3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n
Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y giao ti\u1ebfp trong to\u00e0n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. Ch\u00fang c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kinh doanh v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef chung cho c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0, nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan. \u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u1edbn trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng theo th\u1eddi gian. N\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c d\u00e0nh cho s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ebd ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o giao ti\u1ebfp r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Khi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 tr\u1ef1c quan tr\u1edf…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4082,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 G\u00f3i: C\u00e1c Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n C\u1ed1t l\u00f5i & Th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n T\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \ud83d\udce6","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c, kh\u00f4ng gian t\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac UML \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[74],"tags":[103,110],"class_list":["post-4081","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uml","tag-academic","tag-package-diagram"],"yoast_head":"\n
H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 G\u00f3i: C\u00e1c Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n C\u1ed1t l\u00f5i & Th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n T\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \ud83d\udce6<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i. 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Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i: Ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed g\u00f3i \ud83d\udce6<\/h2>\n
Ch\u00ednh g\u00f3i l\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1ef1c quan, n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n. T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u tr\u1ef1c quan n\u00e0y ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9a. Tuy nhi\u00ean, bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 y\u1ebfu so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a logic.<\/p>\n
Quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean \ud83c\udff7\ufe0f<\/h3>\n
T\u00ean l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng. T\u00ean g\u00f3i n\u00ean mang t\u00ednh m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u01b0ng ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn. N\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9a b\u00ean trong. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean k\u00e9m d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i c\u00f3 t\u00ean H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn sau \u0111\u00e2y cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean:<\/p>\n C\u00e1c g\u00f3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang th\u00f4ng tin b\u1ed5 sung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00fa th\u00edch cung c\u1ea5p ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a g\u00f3i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u l\u00e0 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c h\u1ed9p. C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i ch\u00fang c\u0169ng quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. Ch\u00fang x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng tin l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m logic. Hi\u1ec3u sai c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, kh\u00f3 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n S\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng g\u00f3i kh\u00e1c. N\u1ebfu vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a g\u00f3i \u0111\u00edch thay \u0111\u1ed5i, g\u00f3i ngu\u1ed3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng. N\u00f3 ch\u1ea3y t\u1eeb g\u00f3i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ebfn g\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n Trong khi s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c l\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n. M\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft ng\u1ee5 \u00fd r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i kh\u00e1c. T\u1eadp h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng g\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n T\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p. N\u00f3 ng\u1ee5 \u00fd quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu. N\u1ebfu g\u00f3i cha b\u1ecb x\u00f3a, g\u00f3i con s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi. N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c g\u1eafn k\u1ebft.<\/p>\n Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed trong m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb ra b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m quan tr\u1ecdng trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i. N\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa API c\u00f4ng khai v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9. S\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd \u1ea9n th\u00f4ng tin.<\/p>\n C\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed c\u00f4ng khai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy c\u1eadp t\u1eeb b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 g\u00f3i n\u00e0o. Ch\u00fang t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh giao di\u1ec7n m\u00e0 qua \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c. Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng d\u1ea5u c\u1ed9ng (+). Vi\u1ec7c gi\u1eef di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u00f4ng khai nh\u1ecf gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sai m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch.<\/p>\n C\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed ri\u00eang t\u01b0 b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong ch\u00ednh g\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01a1i b\u00e0y. Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng d\u1ea5u tr\u1eeb (-). S\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec3u ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o an to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m.<\/p>\n C\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy c\u1eadp b\u1edfi g\u00f3i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c g\u00f3i con c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y h\u1eefu \u00edch cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p th\u1eeba k\u1ebf n\u01a1i c\u00e1c l\u1edbp d\u1eabn xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf. N\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u01a1i b\u00e0y ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u00f3 cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n Giao di\u1ec7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng. Ch\u00fang quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. S\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c g\u00f3i kh\u00e1c nhau th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t giao di\u1ec7n theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau. N\u00f3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n Hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00f3a k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ed9t giao di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n n\u00f3. N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t \u0111\u1ee9t v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u0169i t\u00ean tam gi\u00e1c r\u1ed7ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda giao di\u1ec7n. M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u g\u00f3i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c s\u00e2u. S\u1ef1 l\u1ed3ng nhau cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c g\u00f3i kh\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00e2y. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1edbn b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chia nh\u1ecf ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, d\u1ec5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd.<\/p>\n S\u1ef1 l\u1ed3ng nhau n\u00ean tu\u00e2n theo m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p logic. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t C\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p ph\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p s\u00e2u.<\/p>\n N\u00f3i chung, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 l\u1ed3ng nhau. Qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1edd m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c g\u00f3i. \u0110\u1ed9 s\u00e2u t\u1eeb ba \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed1n m\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 cho h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 tr\u1ef1c quan, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n. C\u00e1c ghi ch\u00fa v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t cung c\u1ea5p ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft m\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i. Ch\u00fang gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00fd do \u0111\u1eb1ng sau m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/p>\n Ghi ch\u00fa c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed n\u00e0o. Ch\u00fang h\u1eefu \u00edch cho vi\u1ec7c:<\/p>\n Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb g\u1eafn th\u1ebb cho ph\u00e9p th\u00eam c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eafn th\u1ebb cho m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i v\u1edbi phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n, ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i xem x\u00e9t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u si\u00eau n\u00e0y bi\u1ebfn s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/p>\n Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec7n; vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng. N\u00f3 g\u00e2y hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ed7i. Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i n\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c l\u1edbp kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd vi ph\u1ea1m Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0110\u01a1n nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ed9 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft cao c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap g\u00f3i d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n C\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c g\u00f3i n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u. \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c cao c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i s\u1ebd bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong nhi\u1ec1u g\u00f3i kh\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 mong manh. H\u00e3y h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ea3y theo m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c g\u00f3i th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c l\u1edbp. M\u1ed9t m\u1eabu ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c l\u1edbp Giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, Logic nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 Truy c\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c g\u00f3i \u1edf l\u1edbp d\u01b0\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c g\u00f3i \u1edf l\u1edbp tr\u00ean. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00f2ng.<\/p>\n M\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00f2ng x\u1ea3y ra khi G\u00f3i A ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o G\u00f3i B, v\u00e0 G\u00f3i B l\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o G\u00f3i A. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t chu k\u1ef3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ed7i kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ed3 th\u1ecb c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng chu tr\u00ecnh (DAG).<\/p>\n Ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng m\u1eafc l\u1ed7i. Vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn ra c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a gi\u1eefa m\u00e3 v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 thi, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n \u0110\u00f4i khi, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o sinh t\u1eeb m\u00e3 (k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c). \u0110\u00f4i khi, m\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o sinh t\u1eeb s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 (k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt thu\u1eadn). C\u1ea3 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang.<\/p>\n Trong c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Agile, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb nghi ng\u1edd. Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1eefu \u00edch m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ra g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf chi ti\u1ebft.<\/p>\n T\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 khi m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh li\u00ean quan. \u0110\u1eebng d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong sprint ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 trong c\u00e1c phi\u00ean l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap nh\u00f3m th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi vi\u1ebft m\u00e3. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn n\u00e0y l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m nhu c\u1ea7u t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac sau n\u00e0y. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Ch\u00fang bi\u1ebfn m\u00e3 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i\u2014g\u00f3i, ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c, ph\u1ea1m vi hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb v\u00e0 giao di\u1ec7n\u2014c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n. Ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a n\u1eb1m \u1edf s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt. H\u00e3y th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u00e3. Tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 l\u00e0m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u00f3a bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan. H\u00e3y gi\u1eef cho n\u00f3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y giao ti\u1ebfp trong to\u00e0n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. Ch\u00fang c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kinh doanh v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef chung cho c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0, nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan. \u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u1edbn trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng theo th\u1eddi gian. N\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c d\u00e0nh cho s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ebd ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o giao ti\u1ebfp r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Khi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 tr\u1ef1c quan tr\u1edf…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4082,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 G\u00f3i: C\u00e1c Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n C\u1ed1t l\u00f5i & Th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n T\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \ud83d\udce6","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c, kh\u00f4ng gian t\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac UML \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[74],"tags":[103,110],"class_list":["post-4081","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uml","tag-academic","tag-package-diagram"],"yoast_head":"\nUtils<\/code>qu\u00e1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ra lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec7n \u00edch n\u00e0o \u0111ang c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t. M\u1ed9t t\u00ean t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0DataValidation<\/code> ho\u1eb7cFileProcessing<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n
CamelCase<\/code> cho m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng snake_case<\/code> cho g\u00f3i kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\nC\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu v\u00e0 si\u00eau d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83d\udcdd<\/h3>\n
{interface}<\/code> ho\u1eb7c {implementation}<\/code>. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng. Si\u00eau d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ed1 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c th\u00f4ng tin t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tr\u00ean ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed g\u00f3i.<\/p>\nC\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c \ud83d\udd17<\/h2>\n
M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c \ud83d\udd17<\/h3>\n
\n
Li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p \ud83d\udd17<\/h3>\n
T\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p \ud83d\udd17<\/h3>\n
So s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7<\/h3>\n
\n\n
\n \nLo\u1ea1i quan h\u1ec7<\/th>\n H\u01b0\u1edbng<\/th>\n C\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9<\/th>\n T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n \n S\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c<\/td>\n M\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9t \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/td>\n Y\u1ebfu<\/td>\n Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Li\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/td>\n \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng li\u1ec1n<\/td>\n Trung b\u00ecnh<\/td>\n Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n T\u1eadp h\u1ee3p<\/td>\n H\u00ecnh thoi r\u1ed7ng<\/td>\n Trung b\u00ecnh<\/td>\n \u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n S\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/td>\n H\u00ecnh thoi \u0111\u1ea7y<\/td>\n M\u1ea1nh<\/td>\n Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp \ud83d\udc41\ufe0f<\/h2>\n
Ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed c\u00f4ng khai \ud83c\udf0d<\/h3>\n
Ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed ri\u00eang t\u01b0 \ud83d\udd12<\/h3>\n
Ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \ud83d\udee1\ufe0f<\/h3>\n
Giao di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \ud83c\udfad<\/h2>\n
M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 Hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00f3a<\/h3>\n
\n
S\u1ef1 l\u1ed3ng nhau v\u00e0 Ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p \ud83c\udf33<\/h2>\n
Nh\u00f3m theo logic<\/h3>\n
Thanh to\u00e1n<\/code> g\u00f3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a C\u1ed5ng thanh to\u00e1n<\/code> v\u00e0 B\u1ed9 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c thanh to\u00e1n<\/code> c\u00e1c g\u00f3i con. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh mi\u1ec1n. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1edf n\u00ean tr\u1ef1c quan \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\nPh\u00e2n c\u1ea5p ph\u1eb3ng so v\u1edbi ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p s\u00e2u<\/h3>\n
\n
T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 Si\u00eau d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83d\udcc4<\/h2>\n
S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ghi ch\u00fa<\/h3>\n
\n
Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb g\u1eafn th\u1ebb<\/h3>\n
Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n
\u0110\u1ed9 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft cao<\/h3>\n
\u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c th\u1ea5p<\/h3>\n
Ph\u00e2n l\u1edbp<\/h3>\n
Tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00f2ng<\/h3>\n
C\u00e1c l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh \u26a0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n
\n
Module1\"<\/code> ho\u1eb7c “Component\"<\/code> kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0o.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nT\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi C\u01a1 s\u1edf M\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n \ud83d\udcbb<\/h2>\n
T\u1ea1o sinh so v\u1edbi Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf<\/h3>\n
\n
Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 G\u00f3i trong Agile \ud83d\ude80<\/h2>\n
Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0110\u00fang th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/h3>\n
S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Nh\u00f3m<\/h3>\n
K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 S\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \ud83e\udded<\/h2>\n