{"id":3688,"date":"2026-03-23T09:49:46","date_gmt":"2026-03-23T01:49:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.go2posts.com\/vi\/dry-and-kiss-rules-object-oriented-design\/"},"modified":"2026-03-23T09:49:46","modified_gmt":"2026-03-23T01:49:46","slug":"dry-and-kiss-rules-object-oriented-design","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.go2posts.com\/vi\/dry-and-kiss-rules-object-oriented-design\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc DRY v\u00e0 KISS trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng"},"content":{"rendered":"

Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, hai nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1edd kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec: nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc DRY v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc KISS. Nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 g\u1ee3i \u00fd \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n; ch\u00fang t\u1ea1o n\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc cho Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (OOD) b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, ch\u00fang gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u h\u00f3a l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n v\u1eabn d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. Tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p che khu\u1ea5t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch. Thi\u1ebfu tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u1eabu thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

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\"Chalkboard-style<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

\ud83d\udeab\ud83d\udd04 Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc DRY \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/h2>\n

Ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft DRY c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u1eebng l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh\u201d. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 do sao ch\u00e9p m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: m\u1ecdi th\u00f4ng tin ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n duy nh\u1ea5t, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Khi logic xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u1edf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i sao vi\u1ec7c l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i<\/h3>\n
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  • Chi ph\u00ed b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec t\u0103ng cao:<\/strong>Vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t quy t\u1eafc kinh doanh \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u00f3. N\u1ebfu b\u1ecf s\u00f3t, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n.<\/li>\n
  • X\u00e1c su\u1ea5t l\u1ed7i cao h\u01a1n:<\/strong>S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n l\u1ed7i c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn. M\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p b\u1ed9i di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n
  • \u0110\u1ed9 d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3m:<\/strong>C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n duy\u1ec7t qua m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n th\u1ea5y c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t logic \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m ph\u00e2n t\u00e2m kh\u1ecfi logic kinh doanh \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n vi ph\u1ea1m<\/h3>\n

    Vi ph\u1ea1m DRY th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c m\u1eabu n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh refactoring hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n:<\/p>\n

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    • L\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch sao ch\u00e9p-d\u00e1n:<\/strong>L\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i m\u00e3 v\u00e0 d\u00e1n v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh nh\u1ecf.<\/li>\n
    • Logic t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1:<\/strong>Hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi t\u00ean bi\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li>\n
    • S\u1ef1 d\u01b0 th\u1eeba c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh:<\/strong>C\u1ee9ng h\u00f3a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trong nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ec7p thay v\u00ec s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh trung t\u00e2m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt refactoring<\/h3>\n

      \u0110\u1ec3 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c:<\/p>\n

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      • Tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c:<\/strong>Di chuy\u1ec3n logic chung v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c duy nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/li>\n
      • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebf th\u1eeba:<\/strong>\u0110\u1eb7t h\u00e0nh vi chung v\u00e0o l\u1edbp cha \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp con k\u1ebf th\u1eeba n\u00f3.<\/li>\n
      • \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u1eabu thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u1eabu nh\u01b0 Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u1eb7c Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c M\u1eabu \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i logic thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong khi duy tr\u00ec c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        \ud83e\udde9 Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc KISS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/h2>\n

        KISS c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cGi\u1eef \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, ngu ng\u1ed1c\u201d. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb H\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n M\u1ef9, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n, kh\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed h\u01a1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i h\u01a1n. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft \u00edt m\u00e3 h\u01a1n, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

        Chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/h3>\n

        S\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p t\u1ea1o ra r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi trong nh\u00f3m v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u1eddi gian c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ee1 l\u1ed7i. Khi m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p:<\/p>\n

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        • T\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c:<\/strong>C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3i l\u01b0u gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 logic h\u01a1n trong b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t h\u00e0m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n
        • C\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c \u1ea9n:<\/strong>C\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u01b0\u1eddng che gi\u1ea5u c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng ph\u1ee5, khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1edf n\u00ean nguy hi\u1ec3m.<\/li>\n
        • Kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed:<\/strong>Logic ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p bi\u00ean h\u01a1n trong ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a so v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/h3>\n

          \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc KISS kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 hy sinh t\u00ednh n\u0103ng. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

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          • Giao di\u1ec7n t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u:<\/strong>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n ch\u1ec9 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/li>\n
          • Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp:<\/strong>\u01afu ti\u00ean th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a thay v\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac k\u1ebf th\u1eeba s\u00e2u.<\/li>\n
          • R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n \u1ea9n d\u1ee5:<\/strong>L\u00e0m cho lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i c\u1ee7a logic tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng thay v\u00ec ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p m\u00e0u hay h\u00e0nh vi \u1ea9n gi\u1ea5u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            \ud83d\udcca So s\u00e1nh DRY v\u00e0 KISS<\/h2>\n

            M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u1ea3 hai nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f4i khi ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i k\u00e9o theo h\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c nhau. Vi\u1ec7c tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng DRY c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi ph\u1ea1m KISS. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng so s\u00e1nh c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
            Kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh<\/th>\nNguy\u00ean t\u1eafc DRY<\/th>\nNguy\u00ean t\u1eafc KISS<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
            M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh<\/strong><\/td>\nLo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p<\/td>\nT\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m<\/strong><\/td>\nC\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/td>\nKh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            R\u1ee7i ro l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng<\/strong><\/td>\nTr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c<\/td>\nL\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 d\u01b0 th\u1eeba<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh T\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/td>\nKhi logic l\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng nhau<\/td>\nKhi logic l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m<\/strong><\/td>\nTri\u1ec3n khai t\u00ednh n\u0103ng nhanh h\u01a1n<\/td>\nD\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng l\u00e0m quen v\u00e0 g\u1ee1 l\u1ed7i h\u01a1n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

            \ud83c\udfd7\ufe0f \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf trong Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h2>\n

            Vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

            1. K\u1ebf th\u1eeba so v\u1edbi T\u00edch h\u1ee3p<\/h3>\n

            K\u1ebf th\u1eeba l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd cho DRY. N\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp con t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e3 t\u1eeb l\u1edbp cha. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho KISS. C\u00e1c c\u00e2y k\u1ebf th\u1eeba s\u00e2u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng. T\u00edch h\u1ee3p th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

              \n
            • B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t Xe c\u1ed9<\/code>l\u1edbp c\u1ea7n logic \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1.<\/li>\n
            • C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn K\u1ebf th\u1eeba:<\/strong> Xe h\u01a1i<\/code> m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng Xe c\u1ed9<\/code>. N\u1ebfu logic \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n
            • C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn T\u00edch h\u1ee3p:<\/strong> Xe h\u01a1i<\/code> ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1<\/code> \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Logic \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i b\u00ean trong \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1<\/code>. Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a xe h\u01a1i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              2. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf Giao di\u1ec7n<\/h3>\n

              C\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng. M\u1ed9t giao di\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t tu\u00e2n theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc KISS b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ecdi c\u1ea7n, th\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean n\u1eb1m trong giao di\u1ec7n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u0103n ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ecdi ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o chi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/p>\n

                \n
              • C\u00e1c Giao di\u1ec7n Nh\u1ecf:<\/strong>\u01afu ti\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u giao di\u1ec7n nh\u1ecf, t\u1eadp trung thay v\u00ec m\u1ed9t giao di\u1ec7n l\u1edbn, \u0111\u01a1n th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n
              • \u1ea8n hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00f3a:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c l\u1edbp tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c giao di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ea9n hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00f3a c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                3. Quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean<\/h3>\n

                T\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a. \u0110\u1eb7t t\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3m nhu c\u1ea7u d\u00f9ng ch\u00fa th\u00edch, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc KISS. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc DRY.<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • T\u00ean m\u00f4 t\u1ea3:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00ean m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/li>\n
                • T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t phong c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  \u26a0\ufe0f C\u00e1c vi ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/h2>\n

                  Ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o b\u1eaby. Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m nguy hi\u1ec3m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n

                  T\u1ea1o tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e1 s\u1edbm<\/h3>\n

                  \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. H\u1ecd d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng ch\u00fang. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y vi ph\u1ea1m nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc KISS v\u00ec h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n m\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • Tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng:<\/strong>C\u00e1c l\u1edbp t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u tham s\u1ed1 t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn m\u00e0 hi\u1ebfm khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n
                  • Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p:<\/strong>Tu\u00e2n theo YAGNI (B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3). Ch\u1ec9 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ngay b\u00e2y gi\u1edd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    H\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng b\u00faa v\u00e0ng<\/h3>\n

                    \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra khi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u00e9p m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd quen thu\u1ed9c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebf th\u1eeba cho m\u1ecdi lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n.<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • Tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p l\u1edbp kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n
                    • Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p:<\/strong>\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng giao di\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p n\u1ebfu k\u1ebf th\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c<\/h3>\n

                      Th\u00eam c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u201cb\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai\u201d. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n

                        \n
                      • Tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng:<\/strong>C\u00e1c t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh phong ph\u00fa cho nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n
                      • Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p:<\/strong>T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. T\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                        \ud83d\udee1\ufe0f Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai<\/h2>\n

                        \u0110\u1ec3 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc n\u00e0y v\u00e0o quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

                        Xem x\u00e9t m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n<\/h3>\n

                        C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c xem x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c vi ph\u1ea1m. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem x\u00e9t n\u00ean t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm:<\/p>\n

                          \n
                        • C\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i m\u00e3 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li>\n
                        • C\u00e1c h\u00e0m qu\u00e1 d\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/li>\n
                        • C\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                          Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h3>\n

                          C\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m l\u01b0\u1edbi an to\u00e0n. Khi t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u00e0nh vi v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 tin.<\/p>\n

                          C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u0129nh<\/h3>\n

                          C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u00e9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm s\u1ef1 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i m\u00e3 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

                            \n
                          • Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i:<\/strong>T\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1.<\/li>\n
                          • Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p:<\/strong>Nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c h\u00e0m qu\u00e1 kh\u00f3 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                            \ud83d\udcc8 B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u00e2u d\u00e0i<\/h2>\n

                            Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a DRY v\u00e0 KISS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n theo th\u1eddi gian. Nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng, ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, chi ph\u00ed b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n l\u1ea1i \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

                            Th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m quen gi\u1ea3m<\/h3>\n

                            C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi d\u00e0nh \u00edt th\u1eddi gian h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 c\u00e1c logic ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. M\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, kh\u00f4ng l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i d\u1ec5 h\u1ecdc h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cho \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m.<\/p>\n

                            Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng<\/h3>\n

                            Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kinh doanh thay \u0111\u1ed5i. N\u1ebfu m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i, vi\u1ec7c th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1edbi s\u1ebd nhanh h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm t\u1eebng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

                            \u0110\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/h3>\n

                            C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i t\u1ed1t. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eef cho m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 d\u01b0 th\u1eeba, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd \u00edt d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng h\u01a1n khi c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

                            \ud83d\udd04 C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc<\/h2>\n

                            C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u00fac DRY v\u00e0 KISS m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi nhau. M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 khi m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1ecf trong logic hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng DRY, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c chung v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u c\u1edd. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng KISS, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

                            Trong t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y, KISS th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean h\u01a1n. M\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c b\u1ecb l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c chung ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. N\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i gia t\u0103ng, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c chung l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Quy t\u1eafc chung l\u00e0: s\u1ef1 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ebfu m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

                            Ma tr\u1eadn quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/h3>\n

                            Khi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 n\u00ean t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac hay kh\u00f4ng, h\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc:<\/p>\n

                              \n
                            • T\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t thay \u0111\u1ed5i:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, h\u00e3y lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n
                            • \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 d\u00f2ng m\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n s\u1ed1 d\u00f2ng m\u00e3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, h\u00e3y gi\u1eef cho n\u00f3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.<\/li>\n
                            • Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c nh\u00f3m:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu nh\u00f3m hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eabu, DRY an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, KISS an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                              \ud83d\udd27 K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n

                              Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc DRY v\u00e0 KISS l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 ham mu\u1ed1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u01b0u ti\u00ean s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec. Nh\u1eefng quy t\u1eafc n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 lu\u1eadt c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn, khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n l\u0129nh, s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

                              T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 thay v\u00ec g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng khi n\u00f3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                              Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, hai nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1edd kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec: nguy\u00ean…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3689,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"C\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc DRY v\u00e0 KISS cho thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \ud83e\udde0","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc DRY v\u00e0 KISS trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. N\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n, gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u1edbi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[105],"tags":[103,104],"class_list":["post-3688","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-object-oriented-analysis-and-design","tag-academic","tag-object-oriented-analysis-and-design"],"yoast_head":"\nC\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc DRY v\u00e0 KISS cho thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \ud83e\udde0<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc DRY v\u00e0 KISS trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. 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