{"id":3650,"date":"2026-03-26T17:20:34","date_gmt":"2026-03-26T09:20:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.go2posts.com\/vi\/command-pattern-undoable-operations-guide\/"},"modified":"2026-03-26T17:20:34","modified_gmt":"2026-03-26T09:20:34","slug":"command-pattern-undoable-operations-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.go2posts.com\/vi\/command-pattern-undoable-operations-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn OOAD: M\u1eabu l\u1ec7nh cho c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n t\u00e1c"},"content":{"rendered":"

Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong>, vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc. M\u1eabu l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n t\u00e1c<\/strong>. M\u1eabu thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf n\u00e0y bao b\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n tham s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c nhau, x\u1ebfp h\u00e0ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c ghi nh\u1eadt k\u00fd c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf tri\u1ec3n khai ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ho\u00e0n t\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1eabu n\u00e0y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

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\"Hand-drawn<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i \ud83c\udfaf<\/h2>\n

M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n thao t\u00e1c kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n thao t\u00e1c. Khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n t\u00e1c<\/strong>, \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng mong \u0111\u1ee3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n t\u00e1c sai l\u1ea7m. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n sau khi ho\u00e0n t\u00e1c. M\u1eabu l\u1ec7nh gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch coi c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea5p cao.<\/p>\n

H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u. N\u1ebfu x\u1ea3y ra l\u1ed7i, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i quay l\u1ea1i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi g\u1ecdi h\u00e0m; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch bao b\u1ecdc logic c\u1ee7a \u201cl\u01b0u\u201d, \u201cx\u00f3a\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cs\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i\u201d v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t l\u1ec7nh, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n. Vi\u1ec7c x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y, xem l\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n t\u00e1c t\u1eebng l\u1ec7nh m\u1ed9t tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u1ea3 thi.<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Bao \u0111\u00f3ng:<\/strong> T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9a trong \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ec7nh.<\/li>\n
  • T\u00e1ch r\u1eddi:<\/strong> Ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ecdi kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn.<\/li>\n
  • Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng:<\/strong> C\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac M\u1eabu l\u1ec7nh \u2699\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

    \u0110\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n t\u00e1c<\/strong>hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 b\u1ed1n vai tr\u00f2 ch\u00ednh tham gia. M\u1ed7i vai tr\u00f2 c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

    1. Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \ud83e\uddd1\u200d\ud83d\udcbb<\/h3>\n

    Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ec7nh. Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng bi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7nh n\u00e0o v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn n\u00e0o v\u00e0 l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng tham s\u1ed1 n\u00e0o. Trong quy tr\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n n\u00f3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ecdi.<\/p>\n

    2. Giao di\u1ec7n L\u1ec7nh \ud83d\udcdc<\/h3>\n

    \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. N\u00f3 khai b\u00e1o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c execute. M\u1ecdi l\u1edbp l\u1ec7nh n\u00e0o tri\u1ec3n khai giao di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i cung c\u1ea5p logic th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ho\u00e0n t\u00e1c, m\u1ed9t l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u00f2n tri\u1ec3n khai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c reverse. S\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y gi\u00fap h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eefa th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n t\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

    3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn \ud83d\udda5\ufe0f<\/h3>\n

    Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee9a logic kinh doanh th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n thao t\u00e1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec7m v\u0103n b\u1ea3n. \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ec7nh g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c tr\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec3n khai c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

    4. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ecdi \ud83d\ude80<\/h3>\n

    Ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ecdi ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t l\u1ec7nh. N\u00f3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef m\u1ed9t tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 g\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c execute c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n t\u00e1c<\/strong>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ecdi th\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u1ed9t ng\u0103n x\u1ebfp l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u1ec7nh l\u00e0m g\u00ec; n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c thi l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/th>\nTr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m<\/th>\nB\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/td>\nT\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh<\/td>\nNg\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng nh\u1ea5p v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t n\u00fat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Giao di\u1ec7n L\u1ec7nh<\/td>\nX\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c thi\/h\u1ee7y thao t\u00e1c<\/td>\nL\u1edbp c\u01a1 s\u1edf tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn<\/td>\nTh\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/td>\nTr\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec7m v\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ecdi<\/td>\nQu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi<\/td>\nV\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ng\u0103n x\u1ebfp l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \ud83d\udcda<\/h2>\n

    Tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ee7y<\/strong>n\u1eb1m \u1edf vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u1ec7nh. Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t thao t\u00e1c, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i ghi l\u1ea1i n\u00f3. Khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ee7y thao t\u00e1c, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i truy xu\u1ea5t thao t\u00e1c g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3, r\u1ed3i x\u00f3a n\u00f3 kh\u1ecfi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

    C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ng\u0103n x\u1ebfp<\/h3>\n

    C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ng\u0103n x\u1ebfp l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00e0y. N\u00f3 tu\u00e2n theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc V\u00e0o sau \u2013 Ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc (LIFO). L\u1ec7nh g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ee7y. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o v\u1edbi k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

      \n
    • \u0110\u1ea9y:<\/strong> Khi m\u1ed9t l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea9y v\u00e0o ng\u0103n x\u1ebfp.<\/li>\n
    • L\u1ea5y ra:<\/strong> Khi thao t\u00e1c h\u1ee7y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t, l\u1ec7nh \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u0103n x\u1ebfp s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y ra kh\u1ecfi ng\u0103n x\u1ebfp.<\/li>\n
    • Xem tr\u01b0\u1edbc:<\/strong> H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ec7nh \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u0103n x\u1ebfp m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf n\u00f3, h\u1eefu \u00edch cho c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      X\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9<\/h3>\n

      Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u1ee7y thao t\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7nnhi\u1ec1u<\/em>Vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ecdi ph\u1ea3i duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ec7nh. Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c, danh s\u00e1ch s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean. Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i, danh s\u00e1ch s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m \u0111i.<\/p>\n

      H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c sau:<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n Thao t\u00e1c A. L\u1ec7nh A \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi. L\u1ec7nh A \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<\/li>\n
      2. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n Thao t\u00e1c B. L\u1ec7nh B \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi. L\u1ec7nh B \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<\/li>\n
      3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i. L\u1ec7nh B \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c Command B.reverse() \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi.<\/li>\n
      4. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa. L\u1ec7nh A \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c Command A.reverse() \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00fang v\u1ecb tr\u00ed nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi chu\u1ed7i thao t\u00e1c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

        Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf logic \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n

        \u0110\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ec7nh th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf n\u00eanph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/strong>, n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u1ea5t trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi thao t\u00e1c n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

        B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/h3>\n

        M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ec7nh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u01b0u tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1ef1c thi. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t l\u1ec7nh thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ban \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1edfi ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng L\u1ec7nh, l\u01b0u m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ch\u1ee5p tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1ef1c thi.<\/p>\n

        Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ch\u1eef k\u00fd ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c<\/h3>\n

        Giao di\u1ec7n L\u1ec7nh n\u00ean x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n

          \n
        • execute()<\/code>: Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n thao t\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn.<\/li>\n
        • undo()<\/code>: \u0110\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c thao t\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch bu\u1ed9c tu\u00e2n theo giao di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ecdi x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cL\u01b0u\u201d hay \u201cX\u00f3a\u201d. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n g\u1ecdi undo()<\/code> tr\u00ean l\u1ec7nh n\u00e0o \u0111ang \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u0103n x\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n

          M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng sang ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n

          Trong khi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, th\u00ecth\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i<\/strong> l\u1ea1i cung c\u1ea5p tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh. Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng th\u1ef1c thi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng b\u1ecb ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t ng\u0103n x\u1ebfp th\u1ee9 hai ho\u1eb7c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00e2n nh\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

          Ng\u0103n x\u1ebfp Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i<\/h3>\n

          Khi m\u1ed9t thao t\u00e1c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i x\u1ea3y ra, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng L\u1ec7nh kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb ng\u0103n x\u1ebfp Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i sang ng\u0103n x\u1ebfp Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ch\u1ecdn th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i, l\u1ec7nh s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf kh\u1ecfi ng\u0103n x\u1ebfp Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

          Logic nh\u00e1nh<\/h3>\n

          M\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t sinh khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t thao t\u00e1c m\u1edbi sau khi ho\u00e0n t\u00e1c. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ho\u00e0n t\u00e1c ba b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 g\u00f5 m\u1ed9t k\u00fd t\u1ef1 m\u1edbi, c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc “th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i” tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa. Trong t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y, ng\u0103n x\u1ebfp Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

            \n
          • T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng:<\/strong> Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u2794 Ho\u00e0n t\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u2794 G\u00f5 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n m\u1edbi.<\/li>\n
          • K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3:<\/strong> C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u00e0n t\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n
          • Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n:<\/strong> X\u00f3a ng\u0103n x\u1ebfp Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i khi c\u00f3 l\u1ec7nh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1edbi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c trong vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai \u26a0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

            M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 M\u1eabu L\u1ec7nh cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac s\u1ea1ch choc\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n t\u00e1c<\/strong>, v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

            Ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb<\/h3>\n

            M\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u trong ng\u0103n x\u1ebfp l\u1ecbch s\u1eed s\u1ebd ti\u00eau t\u1ed1n b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb. Trong c\u00e1c phi\u00ean ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. M\u1ed7i l\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

              \n
            • Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p:<\/strong> Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u00e0n t\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p.<\/li>\n
            • Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tham chi\u1ebfu y\u1ebfu khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n
            • Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p:<\/strong> Tri\u1ec3n khai n\u00e9n l\u1ec7nh cho c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/h3>\n

              N\u1ebfu \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec1u lu\u1ed3ng, ng\u0103n x\u1ebfp l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u1ea3i an to\u00e0n v\u1edbi lu\u1ed3ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n t\u00e1c m\u1ed9t thao t\u00e1c trong khi m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00e1c \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u1ec7nh kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng.<\/p>\n

                \n
              • \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a:<\/strong> Kh\u00f3a ng\u0103n x\u1ebfp l\u1ecbch s\u1eed trong c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea9y v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y ra.<\/li>\n
              • \u0110\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ee3i an to\u00e0n v\u1edbi lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u1ec7nh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                Logic ho\u00e0n t\u00e1c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/h3>\n

                Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi thao t\u00e1c n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. X\u00f3a m\u1ed9t t\u1ec7p d\u1ec5 ho\u00e0n t\u00e1c (kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c t\u1ec7p). C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ghi c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n (y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u1eadt k\u00fd giao d\u1ecbch). \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng L\u1ec7nh ph\u1ea3i bao b\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

                C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \ud83d\udcdd<\/h2>\n

                \u0110\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd, tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y khi tri\u1ec3n khai M\u1eabu L\u1ec7nh choc\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n t\u00e1c<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • Gi\u1eef c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh nh\u1ecf:<\/strong> M\u1ed7i l\u1ec7nh n\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng logic duy nh\u1ea5t. Tr\u00e1nh g\u1ed9p c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t l\u1ec7nh tr\u1eeb khi ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed.<\/li>\n
                • T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i:<\/strong> X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0o x\u1ea3y ra trong execute()<\/code> v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec undo()<\/code> kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/li>\n
                • Ghi l\u1ea1i l\u1ed7i:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t l\u1ec7nh th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c thi, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o ng\u0103n x\u1ebfp l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n t\u00e1c m\u1ed9t thao t\u00e1c th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n
                • T\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t giao di\u1ec7n:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t l\u1ec7nh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n t\u00e1c, \u0111\u1eebng \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c n\u00f3 tri\u1ec3n khai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c undo. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t cho l\u1ec7nh Th\u1ef1c thi v\u00e0 l\u1ec7nh C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n t\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  So s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1eabu kh\u00e1c \ud83d\udd0d<\/h2>\n

                  Trong khi M\u1eabu L\u1ec7nh r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t cho c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n t\u00e1c<\/strong>, n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi M\u1eabu Memento. Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u00fap ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                  T\u00ednh n\u0103ng<\/th>\nM\u1eabu L\u1ec7nh<\/th>\nM\u1eabu Memento<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
                  Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m<\/td>\nBao b\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/td>\nBao b\u1ecdc tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u00e0n t\u00e1c<\/td>\n\u0110\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c logic<\/td>\nKh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t<\/td>\nTi\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb n\u1ebfu logic \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/td>\nT\u1ed1n b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb h\u01a1n cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ee5p tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/td>\nY\u00eau c\u1ea7u logic ng\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/td>\nY\u00eau c\u1ea7u logic ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                  M\u1eabu l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean khi thao t\u00e1c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 logic ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. M\u1eabu Memento t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n khi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t logic, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 l\u01b0u to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u1eeda s\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

                  C\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \ud83c\udf0d<\/h2>\n

                  M\u1eabu n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 \u1edf tr\u00ecnh so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o v\u0103n b\u1ea3n. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau y\u00eau c\u1ea7u qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

                  H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n

                  Trong ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c. L\u1ec7nh r\u00fat ti\u1ec1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y n\u1ebfu ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i. M\u1eabu l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ed5 ghi ch\u00e9p v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

                  C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda<\/h3>\n

                  Khi v\u1ebd h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng mong \u0111\u1ee3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n, thay \u0111\u1ed5i k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 x\u00f3a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. M\u1ed7i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1ec7nh. Ng\u0103n x\u1ebfp l\u1ecbch s\u1eed cho ph\u00e9p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c phi\u00ean ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

                  Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh<\/h3>\n

                  C\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. C\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh bao b\u1ecdc c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

                  Suy ngh\u0129 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \ud83c\udfd7\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

                  Tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n t\u00e1c<\/strong>Tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n t\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng m\u1eabu l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn. N\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m t\u1eeb c\u00e1c l\u1eddi g\u1ecdi h\u00e0m tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp sang bao b\u1ecdc theo h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ecdi (Invoker) qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd lu\u1ed3ng, trong khi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ec7nh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd logic.<\/p>\n

                  B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc v\u00e0 th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. Ng\u0103n x\u1ebfp l\u1ecbch s\u1eed tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 linh ho\u1ea1t. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n

                  C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec. Vi\u1ec7c th\u00eam t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng logic ho\u00e0n t\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3. Vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda l\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y th\u1ef1c thi c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                  Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3651,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn M\u1eabu l\u1ec7nh cho c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n t\u00e1c","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"M\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n t\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng M\u1eabu l\u1ec7nh trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. 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