{"id":3555,"date":"2026-03-28T15:33:38","date_gmt":"2026-03-28T07:33:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.go2posts.com\/vi\/common-package-diagram-mistakes-fixes\/"},"modified":"2026-03-28T15:33:38","modified_gmt":"2026-03-28T07:33:38","slug":"common-package-diagram-mistakes-fixes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.go2posts.com\/vi\/common-package-diagram-mistakes-fixes\/","title":{"rendered":"Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n (V\u00e0 c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c ch\u00fang)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u1ef1c quan \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y, cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c module t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng b\u1eaby khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean g\u00e2y hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m ho\u1eb7c v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng k\u00e9m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 che gi\u1ea5u c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c, gi\u1ea5u c\u00e1c tham chi\u1ebfu v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

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\"Hand-drawn<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i \ud83e\udded<\/h2>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i n\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec. Nh\u1eefng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n li\u00ean quan v\u00e0o c\u00e1c g\u00f3i. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eb1m hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb t\u1eebng l\u1edbp hay ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chi ti\u1ebft. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ranh gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c nhau. Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang, ch\u00fang \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng. Ch\u00fang gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e2u v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng g\u00ec.<\/p>\n

Khi nh\u1eefng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n. Ch\u00fang \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0a th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi v\u00e0o l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c. N\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i theo d\u00f5i h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m d\u00f2ng m\u00e3. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n bu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o th\u1eed v\u00e0 sai, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1\u5f15\u5165 l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n

Sai l\u1ea7m 1: \u0110\u1eb7t t\u00ean m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a \ud83c\udff7\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00ean chung chung. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c g\u00f3i c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n nh\u01b0 \u201cutil\u201d, \u201ccommon\u201d, \u201cstuff\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201ctemp\u201d. Nh\u1eefng t\u00ean n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng tin g\u00ec v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung hay tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a g\u00f3i. Khi m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 m\u1edbi tham gia d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c g\u00f3i n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9a g\u00ec.<\/p>\n

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  • V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1:<\/strong>Nh\u1eefng t\u00ean nh\u01b0 \u201cutil\u201d ng\u1ee5 \u00fd m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c h\u00e0m tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u01a1i ch\u1ee9a m\u1ecdi m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u1edf n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1eabu ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u201cG\u00f3i Ch\u00faa\u201d \u2013 n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i duy nh\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan.<\/li>\n
  • H\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3:<\/strong>T\u00ednh li\u00ean k\u1ebft cao. N\u1ebfu nhi\u1ec1u g\u00f3i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u201cutil\u201d, vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t h\u00e0m b\u00ean trong n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ed7i t\u1eadp trung.<\/li>\n
  • Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p:<\/strong>\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng danh t\u1eeb m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 bao g\u1ed3m \u201cbilling\u201d, \u201cuser-authentication\u201d, \u201creport-generation\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cinventory-management\u201d.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1eadu t\u1ed1 \u201c-ing\u201d cho m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i, \u0111\u1eebng chuy\u1ec3n sang t\u00ean d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean danh t\u1eeb cho g\u00f3i kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd do r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Ghi l\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean trong h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n b\u1ed5 sung sau n\u00e0y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3.<\/p>\n

    Sai l\u1ea7m 2: B\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c chu k\u1ef3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c \ud83d\udd01<\/h2>\n

    C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c g\u00f3i. M\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh s\u1ebd t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i n\u00e0y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00f2ng x\u1ea3y ra khi G\u00f3i A ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o G\u00f3i B, v\u00e0 G\u00f3i B l\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o G\u00f3i A. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

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    • V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1:<\/strong>C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00f2ng ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed G\u00f3i A m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch G\u00f3i B. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng khi\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc. Vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u1ed9t ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u00eda c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n
    • H\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3:<\/strong>Th\u1eddi gian x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean. Quy tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chu k\u1ef3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm v\u00f2ng ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb v\u00ec c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gi\u1ea3 l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 chu k\u1ef3.<\/li>\n
    • Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p:<\/strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh chu k\u1ef3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u0129nh. Th\u00eam l\u1edbp giao di\u1ec7n. Di chuy\u1ec3n logic chung v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i trung t\u00ednh m\u1edbi m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai g\u00f3i ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o. Ho\u1eb7c thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00e8n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t chi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a c\u00e1c chu k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n khi ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng tr\u00ean s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. \u0110\u1eebng che gi\u1ea5u c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p. L\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt ch\u00fang b\u1eb1ng m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft n\u1ee3 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

      Sai l\u1ea7m 3: \u0110\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u2696\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

      \u0110\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c g\u00f3i. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c g\u00f3i qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 nh\u1ecf. C\u1ea3 hai c\u1ef1c \u0111oan n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ea1o ra th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n

      C\u00e1c g\u00f3i qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn<\/h3>\n

      Khi m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i ch\u1ee9a qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c g\u00f3i con, n\u00f3 m\u1ea5t \u0111i m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. N\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u01a1n nh\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh module c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu g\u1eafn k\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

      C\u00e1c g\u00f3i qu\u00e1 nh\u1ecf<\/h3>\n

      Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i cho m\u1ed7i l\u1edbp ri\u00eang l\u1ebb d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh. Chi ph\u00ed qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c gi\u1eefa h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m g\u00f3i nh\u1ecf v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa l\u1ee3i \u00edch. N\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u201cm\u00ec \u0103n li\u1ec1n\u201d n\u01a1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

        \n
      • Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p:<\/strong> H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. M\u1ed9t g\u00f3i n\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c logic. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1edbn h\u01a1n ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m duy nh\u1ea5t, h\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc chia nh\u1ecf n\u00f3. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3 thu nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a hai ho\u1eb7c ba l\u1edbp, h\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc g\u1ed9p n\u00f3 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i li\u00ean quan.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        L\u1ed7i 4: Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb k\u00e9m \ud83d\udc41\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

        C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ch\u1ecdn t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng (public, private, protected) ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i. C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecf qua nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y, coi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c an to\u00e0n gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i.<\/p>\n

          \n
        • V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1:<\/strong>C\u00e1c g\u00f3i b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u1ea9n gi\u1ea5u. N\u1ebfu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec.<\/li>\n
        • H\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3:<\/strong>C\u00e1c tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u00f2 r\u1ec9. Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng m\u00e3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y vi ph\u1ea1m nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean mong manh.<\/li>\n
        • Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p:<\/strong>R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t ra. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0 th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt API c\u00f4ng khai. C\u00e1c l\u1edbp n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u l\u00e0 ri\u00eang t\u01b0 trong ph\u1ea1m vi g\u00f3i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          L\u1ed7i 5: Thi\u1ebfu t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u b\u00ean trong c\u00e1c g\u00f3i \ud83d\udcdd<\/h2>\n

          S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n t\u0129nh. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edcht\u1ea1i sao<\/em>nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00fa th\u00edch, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd do \u0111\u1eb1ng sau m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c hay s\u1ef1 nh\u00f3m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

            \n
          • V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1:<\/strong>C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9i m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 sau.<\/li>\n
          • H\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3:<\/strong>C\u00e1c m\u1ea3ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t. Ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 ban \u0111\u1ea7u hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd r\u1eddi \u0111i, g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec s\u1ebd t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/li>\n
          • Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p:<\/strong>Th\u00eam ch\u00fa th\u00edch v\u00e0o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a g\u00f3i. Ghi ch\u00e9p c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c quan tr\u1ecdng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ch\u00fa th\u00edch n\u00eau r\u00f5: \u201cG\u00f3i n\u00e0y x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c l\u1eddi g\u1ecdi API b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            So s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng \ud83d\udcca<\/h2>\n

            B\u1ea3ng sau t\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. Vi\u1ec7c xem x\u00e9t danh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
            Lo\u1ea1i<\/th>\nL\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/th>\nGi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
            \u0110\u1eb7t t\u00ean<\/strong><\/td>\nT\u00ean chung chung nh\u01b0 \u201cutil\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201clib\u201d<\/td>\nS\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c danh t\u1eeb c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 theo l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cpayment-gateway\u201d)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            M\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c<\/strong><\/td>\nC\u00e1c tham chi\u1ebfu v\u00f2ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c g\u00f3i<\/td>\nGi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t logic chung<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u0110\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft<\/strong><\/td>\nC\u00e1c g\u00f3i qu\u00e1 nh\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn<\/td>\nPh\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ranh gi\u1edbi nh\u00f3m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            T\u00ednh minh b\u1ea1ch<\/strong><\/td>\nB\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n truy c\u1eadp<\/td>\nNh\u00e3n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/td>\nKh\u00f4ng cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh cho c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/td>\nBao g\u1ed3m ghi ch\u00fa v\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

            Sai l\u1ea7m 6: Phong c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n \ud83c\udfa8<\/h2>\n

            T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n trong c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan gi\u00fap d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 g\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh h\u1ed9p v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u. C\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n cho c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c (\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng li\u1ec1n so v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ee9t) c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3.<\/p>\n

              \n
            • V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1:<\/strong>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef tr\u1ef1c quan thay v\u00ec hi\u1ec3u ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac. C\u00e1c phong c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u1ee5 \u00fd nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a.<\/li>\n
            • H\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3:<\/strong>Hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t \u0111\u1ee9t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u1ee5 \u00fd m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn \u1edf m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai giao di\u1ec7n \u1edf ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n
            • Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p:<\/strong> X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn phong c\u00e1ch. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c g\u00f3i. D\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng li\u1ec1n cho c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ee9t cho giao di\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1edfi to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 nh\u00f3m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              Sai l\u1ea7m 7: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi \ud83d\udcc5<\/h2>\n

              Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng. M\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n thay \u0111\u1ed5i, t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u0169 b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf. N\u1ebfu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n, n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi d\u1ed1i tr\u00e1. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi c\u00f2n t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00ec n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra ni\u1ec1m tin gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

                \n
              • V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1:<\/strong>C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Khi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ed7i do nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh sai.<\/li>\n
              • H\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3:<\/strong>N\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. Nh\u00f3m m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 cho kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n thay v\u00ec x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi. Vi\u1ec7c g\u1ee1 l\u1ed7i tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n khi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/li>\n
              • Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p:<\/strong> T\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. N\u1ebfu c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, h\u00e3y \u0111\u01b0a vi\u1ec7c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n ‘\u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh’ cho c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u00e9o (pull requests). Xem s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

                Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. T\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00e0nh vi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3 l\u1eadp ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. N\u1ebfu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 ranh gi\u1edbi, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd bi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec c\u1ea7n t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb.<\/li>\n
                2. An to\u00e0n khi t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac:<\/strong> Khi b\u1ea1n di chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp sang m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i m\u1edbi, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c g\u00f3i kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra danh s\u00e1ch ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/li>\n
                3. Ch\u00e0o m\u1eebng:<\/strong>Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian h\u1ecd d\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c logic nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n

                  Vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3:<\/strong>L\u00ean l\u1ecbch ki\u1ec3m tra ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 m\u1ed7i qu\u00fd. Ki\u1ec3m tra xem s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f3 kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi c\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u00e3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i hay kh\u00f4ng. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ef1 l\u1ec7ch n\u00e0o.<\/li>\n
                  • Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u c\u00e1c vi ph\u1ea1m ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i vi ph\u1ea1m c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li>\n
                  • \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n. Khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecd c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 khi thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac.<\/li>\n
                  • Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n:<\/strong>L\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u1edbi m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    Suy ngh\u0129 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u2728<\/h2>\n

                    S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 giao ti\u1ebfp gi\u00fap n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai. Khi ch\u00fang ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, ch\u00fang trao quy\u1ec1n cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc. Khi ch\u00fang c\u00f3 khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m, ch\u00fang t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c r\u1ee7i ro \u1ea9n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

                    B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean m\u01a1 h\u1ed3, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady. C\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c b\u1ecf ra \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch qua vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                    Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u1ef1c quan \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3556,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i. Tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p, \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean k\u00e9m, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb. N\u00e2ng cao ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ngay h\u00f4m nay.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[74],"tags":[103,110],"class_list":["post-3555","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uml","tag-academic","tag-package-diagram"],"yoast_head":"\nNh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i. Tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p, \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean k\u00e9m, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb. 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